To raise births quickly and sustainably, prioritize RIM (Rational Integration Mode)—evidence-based, incentive-aligned policies that reduce the real costs, risks, and time pressures of family formation—while avoiding DAM-style coercion or purely emotive IDM campaigns that backfire or fizzle out. Immediate gains come from pulling forward postponed births via credible, generous, and simple supports; sustained gains require predictable, multi-year institutions families can trust. [5]
What to do now (0–12 months)
- Enact a universal baby bonus plus monthly child allowance:
- A one-time “Baby Bonus” at birth (e.g., $5,000–$10,000, scaled for second/third births) and an automatic monthly allowance from birth (e.g., $300–$500/child), paid universally with phase-outs only at very high incomes to avoid marriage penalties and churn. Announce immediately, pay automatically at hospital discharge, and make benefits retroactive to the date of pregnancy confirmation to pull forward near-term conceptions. This reliably shifts timing and raises near-term births. [5]
- Restore and improve a fully refundable, monthly Child Tax Credit:
- National paid leave with job protection:
- At least 12–16 weeks paid parental leave per parent with progressive wage replacement, small-business reimbursements, and protected reentry. Include paternity leave to reinforce father involvement and maternal health. Job security plus income replacement measurably reduces perceived cost/risk of having a child. [4]
- Rapid childcare capacity surge:
- Emergency grants to open infant/toddler slots, temporary wage subsidies to early educators, streamlined licensing for proven providers, and portable childcare vouchers for parents. Aim to cap out-of-pocket childcare at ≤7% of income for infants/toddlers. Access in the first year is decisive for many families’ timing. [3]
- Zero out-of-pocket maternity and newborn care:
- Eliminate cost-sharing for prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care; extend postpartum Medicaid to 12 months nationwide; fund doula and lactation support; strengthen maternal mental health screening. High, unpredictable medical bills suppress fertility; reliable coverage lowers perceived risk. [1][6]
- Fertility and family-building coverage:
- Require insurer coverage of infertility diagnosis, IVF, and male-factor treatment; provide grants for middle- and lower-income families; allow pre-tax saving and refundable credits for fertility services. Remove barriers to donor compensation and modernize regulations to increase access. These steps convert latent demand into births in the near term. [3][6]
- Housing relief tied to children:
- Student-debt relief for parents:
- Per-child loan forgiveness or payment pauses in the first two years after birth; expand dependent-care FSAs and make the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit fully refundable. Debt-servicing burdens depress early fertility; targeted relief pulls births forward. [5]
- Work-time and scheduling rights:
- National right to request flexible/ predictable scheduling, part-time with prorated benefits, and protection from hours volatility for new parents. Time scarcity is as binding as money for second/third births. [6]
- Pro-family, pro-father initiatives and social support:
- Mass campaign normalizing earlier family formation for those who want it, father-engagement programs, streamlined child support processes focused on cooperation, and robust community supports (home visiting, parent groups). Cultural permission plus concrete help raises realized fertility among couples already desiring children. [6]
- Smart immigration lever for births:
- Expedite family-based and skilled immigrants in family-forming ages and support them with the same benefits; immigrant families contribute substantially to US births and bolster the near-term count without reducing native-born fertility. [1]
Medium-term (1–5 years): lock in predictability
- Make the child allowance and paid leave permanent, indexed to costs, and administratively simple, with auto-enrollment at birth and continuous eligibility to reduce churn. Predictability is the linchpin for sustained fertility, not one-offs. [5]
- Cap childcare costs permanently at ≤7% of income; expand universal pre-K; increase supply via zoning/space grants, career ladders, and quality-linked funding to lower prices without collapsing providers. [3]
- Eliminate marriage and second-earner penalties in tax and means-tested programs; coordinate phase-outs across programs to avoid cliffs that disincentivize forming and growing families. [2]
- Family-forward housing policy: reform zoning (allow duplexes/ADUs), permit smaller lots, and accelerate approvals for family-sized units near jobs; tie infrastructure dollars to pro-housing reforms. [4]
- Maternal health excellence: reduce maternal morbidity/mortality via standardized bundles, data transparency, and perinatal regionalization; broaden midwife-led care where safe. Trust in safe, respectful maternity care supports parity progression. [1][6]
- Education/work pipeline: expand earn-and-learn pathways and mid-skill careers with benefits so family formation isn’t contingent on decade-long credentials. Earlier economic stability supports earlier births. [2]
Structural (5+ years): raise completed fertility
- A durable “family policy compact” that survives political cycles: indexed child allowance, paid leave, childcare cap, and housing supply targets baked into federal–state compacts. Predictable institutions increase completed fertility by reducing uncertainty. [5]
- Tax reform neutral to family structure and supportive of dependents, with simple, automatic delivery of benefits through payroll. [2]
- Long-horizon supply: abundant family housing, childcare workforce pipelines, and transportation that shortens commutes for parents, increasing time availability for additional children. [4]
Implementation guardrails (TMIT-informed)
- Stay RIM: measure, iterate, and scale what empirically increases conceptions/births; avoid DAM coercion (e.g., penalties for childlessness) which backfires and violates liberty; avoid IDM symbolic gestures without follow-through. [4]
- Track the right metrics: conception rates, parity progression ratios, postponement index, and tempo-adjusted TFR, not just crude birth rates; evaluate via rapid pilots and quasi-experiments. [2]
- Communicate credibility: announce benefits with clear start dates, automatic enrollment, and multi-year funding to create a strong “now is a good time” signal, which is necessary for near-term increases. [5]
Expected near-term impact
- Well-designed cash and in-kind supports can pull forward births within 9–18 months (tempo effect) and raise the annual birth count while building foundations for higher completed fertility; pairing cash, time, childcare, housing, and healthcare produces the largest combined effect. [5][3]
- A realistic near-term target is a material increase in births over the next 12–24 months if legislation is enacted quickly, with larger, sustained gains as predictability takes hold. [2]
Funding options
- Reprioritize existing tax expenditures, close marriage-penalizing cliffs, and redirect inefficient credits; supplement with general revenue and conditional federal–state matching for childcare and housing supply where states enact pro-family reforms. [5][4]
Bottom line
- To increase the US birth rate immediately and durably, pair an announced-now, automatic baby bonus and monthly child allowance with paid leave, childcare cost caps, zero-cost maternity care, fertility coverage, housing relief, and time-flexible work—implemented simply and predictably so families trust the system. This RIM-centered package minimizes risk/cost/time barriers and converts intended fertility into actual births in both the short and long run. [5][3][2]
Sources
1 The Ego and the Id Paperback – June 25, 2022 by Sigmund Freud (Author), Joan Riviere (Translator)
2 Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand (Ayn Rand Library) Paperback – December 1, 1993 by Leonard Peikoff (Author)
3 Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy: The Classic Handbook to its Principles (Condor Books) by Eric Berne (2001-02-28) Paperback by Eric Berne (Author)
4 What Do You Say After You Say Hello? by Eric Berne, M.D.
5 The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, Revised and Updated Paperback – February 24, 2009 by Judith Rich Harris (Author)
6 The Dim Hypothesis by Leonard Peikoff
In addition:
Here is a RIM-centered treatment plan to increase US births immediately and sustainably, minimizing cost/risk/time barriers while avoiding DAM-style coercion and IDM-style symbolism. The plan defines outcomes, interventions, delivery, measurement, and risk controls, integrating policy with behavior-change supports.
Choose a well-formed outcome (pick one or specify your own)
- Option A (tempo-focused): Increase annual US births by +150,000 within 24 months of enactment via “pull-forward” and early-parity support, while laying groundwork for sustained gains [2][5].
- Option B (rate-focused): Raise the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate (TFR*) by +0.15 within 36 months, with progress observed in conception rates by month 12 [2][3].
- Option C (parity-focused): Lift parity-2 progression (one-to-two child progression) by +5 percentage points within 36 months, with measurable improvements in first-birth timing among 22–30-year-olds [3][5].
Core strategy pillars (Immediate: 0–12 months)
- Cash supports that start now
- Baby Bonus at birth (e.g., $5,000–$10,000; scaled for second/third births), announced immediately and auto-paid at hospital discharge; make retroactive to date of pregnancy confirmation to pull forward near-term conceptions [5].
- Universal monthly child allowance ($300–$500/child), fully refundable, delivered automatically; phase-out only at very high incomes to avoid marriage/second-earner penalties [2][5].
- Time supports that de-risk the first year
- National paid parental leave: 12–16 weeks per parent with progressive wage replacement, small-business reimbursements, and guaranteed job protection; include fathers explicitly to reinforce involvement and maternal health [4].
- Childcare capacity surge
- Emergency grants to open infant/toddler slots, temporary wage subsidies for early educators, streamlined approvals for proven providers, and portable vouchers targeted to infants/toddlers; aim to cap out-of-pocket costs ≤7% of income [3].
- Zero out-of-pocket maternity and newborn care
- Fertility and family-building access
- Housing relief tied to children
- Student-debt relief for new parents
- Per-child federal loan forgiveness or payment pauses for first two years after birth; make Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit fully refundable [5].
- Work-time rights
- National right to request flexible/predictable schedules and part-time with prorated benefits; guardrails on hours volatility for new parents [6].
- Pro-father and social support
- Father-engagement programs, streamlined child-support cooperation pathways, home visiting, and evidence-based parent groups; mass normalization campaigns for earlier family formation among those who want it [6].
- Immigration lever for near-term births
- Expedite family-based and skilled immigrants in family-forming ages and include them in the same benefits; they account for a significant share of births without reducing native fertility [1].
Medium-term consolidation (1–5 years): predictability is the linchpin
- Make the child allowance and paid leave permanent, indexed to costs, with automatic enrollment and minimal churn [5].
- Permanently cap childcare costs ≤7% of income, expand universal pre-K, and invest in provider pipelines and facilities to increase supply while maintaining quality [3].
- Remove marriage and second-earner penalties across tax and means-tested programs; coordinate phase-outs to avoid cliffs [2].
- Family-forward housing supply: reform zoning (duplexes/ADUs), permit smaller lots, and fast-track family-sized units near jobs; tie federal infrastructure funds to pro-housing reforms [4].
- Maternal health excellence: standardized safety bundles, perinatal regionalization, and outcomes transparency; expand midwife-led care where safe [1][6].
- Earlier economic stability: expand earn-and-learn pathways and mid-skill careers with benefits so families need not wait a decade for credentials before starting families [2].
Structural durability (5+ years)
- A bipartisan “family policy compact”: indexed child allowance, paid leave, childcare caps, and housing supply targets embedded in federal–state compacts to survive political cycles [5].
- Tax simplification neutral to family structure, supportive of dependents, with simple, automatic delivery via payroll systems [2].
- Long-horizon supply: abundant family housing, robust childcare workforce pipelines, and transportation that shortens parent commutes to expand time for additional children [4].
Behavior-change layer (integrating CBT, TA, NLP, and peer effects)
- CBT-informed supports
- Address common cognitive barriers (catastrophizing costs, underestimating supports) with evidence-based calculators, simple “what you’ll actually pay” nudges, and telehealth counseling for preconception and postpartum mental health; deploy brief CBT modules via employers, clinics, and WIC sites [6].
- Transactional Analysis (TA) for couples/parents
- Offer short courses that strengthen Adult-to-Adult communication, rewrite limiting “life scripts” about parenting, and rebalance Parent/Child dynamics in co-parenting; integrate into prenatal classes and father-engagement programs [6].
- NLP techniques for motivation and follow-through
- Future-pacing and reframing to help couples translate desire for children into concrete plans; anchor “family identity” alongside career identity; deploy in digital coaching apps and community workshops [6].
- Peer-group design (Judith Rich Harris)
- Measurement of uptake
Delivery and administration
- Automatic enrollment at birth and during prenatal care; default monthly payments via IRS/SSA rails; hospitals trigger initial disbursements; states administer childcare vouchers with federal matching tied to supply expansion [5][3].
- Small-business reimbursements for leave processed through payroll providers to remove administrative burden [4].
- National communication: announce clear start dates and multi-year funding to create a credible “now is a good time” signal that pulls births into the near term [5].
Funding
- Reprioritize existing tax expenditures, remove marriage/second-earner penalties, and redirect inefficient credits; use general revenue plus conditional federal–state matching for childcare and housing where states enact supply reforms [5][4].
- Phase benefits predictably (not abruptly) to avoid cliffs and maintain work incentives [2].
Monitoring, evaluation, and guardrails (TMIT-aligned)
- Stay in RIM: pilot, measure, iterate; avoid coercive DAM tools (penalizing childlessness) and avoid IDM-only symbolism without delivery [4].
- Track leading indicators: positive pregnancy tests, prenatal registrations, IVF cycle starts, and paternity-leave uptake; primary outcomes: conception rates, parity progression, tempo-adjusted TFR, and monthly births; use quasi-experimental designs for rapid feedback [2][3][5].
- Equity lens: ensure access across income, marital status, and geography; publish dashboards for transparency [1][6].
- Risk management: mitigate inflationary impacts via supply-side childcare/housing measures; prevent fraud with real-time eligibility checks; sunset-review clauses paired with indexation for predictability [3][4].
Expected impact
- Immediate: baby bonus + allowance + paid leave + zero-cost maternity care can raise conceptions within 6–12 months and births within 9–18 months via tempo effects; IVF and housing/childcare surges add near-term volume [5][3].
- Medium-term: durable allowances, capped childcare costs, and housing supply reforms raise completed fertility by sustaining earlier first births and higher parity progression [2][4].
Sources
1 The Ego and the Id Paperback – June 25, 2022 by Sigmund Freud (Author), Joan Riviere (Translator)
2 Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy: The Classic Handbook to its Principles (Condor Books) by Eric Berne (2001-02-28) Paperback by Eric Berne (Author)
3 The Dim Hypothesis by Leonard Peikoff
4 Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand (Ayn Rand Library) Paperback – December 1, 1993 by Leonard Peikoff (Author)
5 What Do You Say After You Say Hello? by Eric Berne, M.D.
6 The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, Revised and Updated Paperback – February 24, 2009 by Judith Rich Harris (Author)
Furthermore:
My choice of well-formed outcome (as an example) is:
Option A (tempo-focused): Increase annual US births by +150,000 within 24 months of enactment via “pull-forward” and early-parity support, while laying groundwork for sustained gains.
Treatment plan for X: Increase annual US births by +150,000 within 24 months via pull-forward and early-parity support, with foundations for sustained gains (RIM-centered)
Objective and approach
- Objective: Achieve a net +150,000 increase in annual births within 24 months of enactment by pulling forward postponed births and accelerating first and second births among 20–35-year-olds, while establishing durable supports for completed fertility gains over time [2].
- RIM (Rational Integration Mode): Use simple, credible, automatic supports that reduce the cost, risk, and time barriers to family formation; avoid DAM-style coercion (penalties/restrictions) and IDM-only symbolism; measure and iterate quickly [4].
Package overview (pass together; communicate a single start date and automatic delivery)
- Cash supports that start now
- Baby bonus and monthly child allowance: Announce immediately; pay baby bonus at hospital discharge; start monthly allowance automatically at birth; make both retroactive to date of pregnancy confirmation for pregnancies conceived after the public announcement to pull forward near-term conceptions [5].
- Design: Baby bonus of $5,000–$10,000 per birth (scaled modestly for second/third births), plus a universal monthly allowance of $300–$500 per child, fully refundable with phase-outs only at very high incomes to avoid marriage and second-earner penalties [2][5].
- Time supports to de-risk the first year
- National paid parental leave: 12–16 weeks per parent, progressive wage replacement, job protection, small-business reimbursements, and explicit paternity leave uptake goals to reinforce co-parenting and maternal recovery; automatic payroll administration to minimize employer burden [4].
- Childcare capacity surge with cost caps
- Emergency grants for infant/toddler slots, temporary wage subsidies for early educators, streamlined licensing for proven providers, and portable vouchers for parents; near-term target to cap out-of-pocket costs at ≤7% of income for children under three, with federal–state matching tied to supply expansion to prevent price inflation [3].
- Zero out-of-pocket maternity and newborn care
- Eliminate cost sharing for prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care; extend postpartum Medicaid to 12 months nationwide; cover doula/lactation support and maternal mental health screening and treatment; publish maternity safety and satisfaction dashboards to build trust [1][6].
- Fertility and family-building access
- Require insurance coverage for infertility diagnosis, IVF, and male-factor treatment; provide refundable credits or grants for middle- and lower-income families; modernize donor compensation and clinic regulations to expand capacity quickly; allow pre-tax saving for fertility services [3][6].
- Family housing relief
- Per-child down-payment grants or interest-rate buydowns; targeted rental vouchers for families with infants; fast-track approvals for starter homes and accessory dwelling units in high-demand areas; tie federal infrastructure funds to pro-housing zoning reform to expand supply [2][4].
- Student-debt relief tied to births
- Per-child loan forgiveness or two-year payment pauses post-birth; make the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit fully refundable; use automatic enrollment via birth records to reduce friction [5].
- Work-time rights and predictability
- National right to request flexible and predictable scheduling and part-time with prorated benefits; guardrails on hours volatility for new parents; encourage shorter commutes via transport grants aligned with family-heavy neighborhoods [6].
- Pro-father engagement and social supports
- Father-engagement programs, streamlined cooperative child-support pathways, home visiting, and evidence-based parent groups; national campaign that normalizes earlier family formation for those who want it, synchronized with the benefits’ start date to create a credible “now is a good time” signal [6].
- Immigration lever for near-term births
- Expedite visas/adjustments for family-forming-age immigrants and include them fully in benefits; immigrants contribute a substantial share of births and bolster near-term counts without depressing native fertility [1].
Behavioral and clinical layer (CBT + TA + NLP + peer effects)
- CBT nudges and counseling: Build simple “what you’ll actually pay” calculators and benefits planners to counter catastrophizing about costs; embed brief CBT modules in prenatal/primary care and employer EAPs for preconception anxiety and postpartum mental health; offer telehealth access nationally [6].
- Transactional Analysis (TA) for couples: Short courses (embedded in prenatal classes) to strengthen Adult-to-Adult communication, rewrite restrictive life scripts about parenting timelines, and rebalance Parent/Child dynamics to reduce conflict and decision paralysis around conceiving; measure effects on timing and parity progression [6].
- NLP techniques: Future-pacing and implementation intentions that translate desire for a child into concrete steps (budgeting, leave plans, childcare reservations); identity anchoring for “family and career” vs. “career then family”; deliver via digital coaching and community workshops [6].
- Peer-group design (Judith Rich Harris): Seed pro-family microcultures in campuses and major employers (mentorship circles for young couples, visible norms around paternity-leave uptake, “family-first” benefits branding); leverage social proof and shared timelines to move intended into realized fertility [2][6].
Implementation timeline (tempo-focused)
- Day 0 (enactment): Announce baby bonus, allowance, and paid leave start dates; guarantee retroactivity to date of pregnancy confirmation; publish clear FAQs and auto-enrollment rules to create immediate credibility for pull-forward effects [5].
- 0–60 days: Hospitals connect to IRS/SSA rails to trigger baby-bonus payment at discharge; states receive childcare surge grants and fast-track licensing rules; payers implement zero-cost maternity coverage; HHS issues national paternity-leave uptake goals and small-business reimbursement protocols [3][4][1].
- 2–6 months: Child allowance starts monthly; infant/toddler slot expansions begin; fertility coverage rules in force; housing buydown and rental supports launch; CBT/TA/NLP modules go live via clinics and employers [3][5][6].
- 6–12 months: Paid leave fully operational; childcare cost caps hit ≤7% in pilot metros; IVF capacity increases; early immigrant cohorts admitted; national dashboards publish leading indicators (prenatal registrations, positive test reports) [3][1].
- 12–24 months: Scale supply-side childcare/housing; iterate benefits administration to cut churn; embed permanent indexation for allowance/leave; continue public signal that supports are stable, reinforcing sustained gains [4][5].
Expected impact and contribution breakdown (illustrative; evaluate continuously)
- Baby bonus + allowance: +60,000 to +80,000 births via timing shifts among couples already intending children, amplified by credibility from automatic and retroactive design [5][2].
- Paid parental leave: +15,000 to +25,000 births via reduced job-risk salience and increased father involvement, improving first-birth timing and parity-2 progression [4].
- Childcare capacity/cost: +20,000 to +35,000 via faster parity progression and reduced postponement among dual-earner couples in high-cost metros [3].
- Zero-cost maternity + maternal health supports: +5,000 to +10,000 by reducing financial and safety anxieties, especially for first births [1][6].
- Fertility/IVF coverage and grants: +15,000 to +25,000 converting latent demand among subfertile couples into near-term births; prioritize clinic capacity in high-demand regions [3][6].
- Housing relief: +10,000 to +20,000 via earlier first births and quicker transitions to parity 2 where down payment and rate barriers are binding [2][4].
- Student-debt relief: +8,000 to +12,000 by freeing cash flow and lowering perceived risk among college-educated 22–34-year-olds [5].
- Work-time rights and father/social supports: +5,000 to +10,000 by reducing time scarcity and normalizing earlier family formation [6].
- Immigration (family-forming ages): +10,000 to +20,000 additional births in the window through cohort composition, inclusive of benefits [1].
- Combined central estimate: ~+150,000 annual births by month 24, with upside if credibility and supply expansion are strong and downside if benefits are complex, non-automatic, or underfunded; monitor and recalibrate quarterly [2][5].
Measurement, evaluation, and feedback
- Leading indicators: Positive pregnancy tests (aggregated, privacy-safe), prenatal registrations, IVF cycle starts, paternity-leave applications, childcare voucher uptake; track monthly from month 1 [3][5].
- Primary outcomes: Conception rates, parity progression (0→1, 1→2), postponement index, tempo-adjusted TFR, and monthly births; evaluate with rapid pilots and quasi-experiments (difference-in-differences across early vs. late-implementing regions/program components) [2].
- Dashboards and transparency: Public reporting by state/metro; equity lens across income, marital status, and geography to ensure access and avoid widening gaps [1][6].
- Continuous RIM loop: Scale what empirically increases births; sunset or revise weak levers; publish pre-registered analysis plans to maintain credibility [4].
Delivery and administration
- Automatic enrollment: Hospitals trigger baby bonus; IRS/SSA rails deliver monthly allowance; insurers/payers auto-adjudicate zero-cost maternity; employers process leave reimbursements through payroll providers; states administer childcare vouchers with federal matching tied to supply growth [5][3][4].
- Friction reduction: One application maximum for housing/debt relief; pre-filled forms; multilingual support; mobile-first portals; paper checks for unbanked households [2].
Funding and guardrails
- Funding mix: Reprioritize existing tax expenditures, remove marriage/second-earner penalties and cliffs to reduce waste, and use general revenue plus conditional federal–state matching where states enact childcare/housing supply reforms [5][4].
- Inflation control: Pair cash with supply-side childcare/housing expansions to cap price pass-through; bulk-purchase maternal services where appropriate [3][1].
- Program integrity: Real-time eligibility checks tied to birth records and insurance databases; phased indexation to sustain predictability; avoid abrupt cliffs to maintain work incentives [2][5].
- Ethical guardrail (TMIT): No coercion or penalties for childlessness (DAM), and no purely symbolic campaigns without delivery (IDM); keep policy grounded in measurable, voluntary supports (RIM) [4].
Contingency levers if tracking falls short by month 9–12
- Temporarily increase baby-bonus amounts for second/third births conceived in a defined window; add IVF cycle grants in high-wait regions; accelerate childcare site conversions via facility grants; expand housing buydown pool in hottest metros; intensify paternity-leave uptake campaigns to unlock co-parent time constraints [3][5][4].
Next steps
- Draft legislative text bundling the ten pillars with a unified start date and automatic delivery provisions; prepare agency implementation memos and state MOUs; stand up national dashboards and an independent evaluation consortium before launch to create immediate credibility for pull-forward effects [5][2][4].
Sources
1 Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand (Ayn Rand Library) Paperback – December 1, 1993 by Leonard Peikoff (Author)
2 The Ego and the Id Paperback – June 25, 2022 by Sigmund Freud (Author), Joan Riviere (Translator)
3 Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy: The Classic Handbook to its Principles (Condor Books) by Eric Berne (2001-02-28) Paperback by Eric Berne (Author)
4 The Dim Hypothesis by Leonard Peikoff
5 What Do You Say After You Say Hello? by Eric Berne, M.D.
6 The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, Revised and Updated Paperback – February 24, 2009 by Judith Rich Harris (Author)
